Orientação à atenção primária à saúde em uma equipe de saúde da família em Aracaju, Sergipe / The adequacy of primary health care in a family health team in Aracaju, Sergipe

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é componente chave para o fortalecimento dos sistemas de saúde, que visam alcançar os princípios de integralidade e equidade. No Brasil, a organização da APS é norteada pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), que utilizacomo um dos principais instrumentos avaliativos o Primary Care Assessment Tool(PCAT). Esse instrumento mede a orientação da APS à luz dos atributos essenciais (acesso de primeiro contato, longitudinalidade, integralidade e coordenação do cuidado) e derivados (orientação familiar e comunitária e competência cultural). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o desempenho de uma Equipe de Saúde da Família (EqSF) no município de Aracaju, SE, à luz do PCAT, a fim de se obter o grau de orientação da APS. Foram entrevistados 310 adultos cadastrados maiores de 20 anos. Destes, 254 (81,9%) mostraram-se afiliados à Unidade de Saúde, sendo essa amostra utilizada para o cálculo do grau de orientação. O escore geral obtido foi de 6,8, com o valor de 6,66 sendo considerado indicativo de uma boa orientação para APS. Apesar desse resultado, foi percebido que os atributos de acesso, integralidade e orientação comunitária precisam de ajustes para que a equipe possa ofertar um serviço mais resolutivo e de qualidade.

Primary health care (PHC) is the key feature to enhance the world's health systems as it pursues major goals such as integrality and equality. In Brazil, the PHC system is ruled by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) which uses the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) as its main assessment instrument. This tool measures the adequacy of PHC (APHC) within the scope of four core PHC domains (first contact accessibility, longitudinality, comprehensiveness, and coordinated care) and its three sub-domains (family orientation, community orientation, and cultural competence). The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of a Family Health Team (FHT) in the city of Aracaju, by applying the PCAT, in order to obtain their APHC level. A total of 310 adults over 20 years of age were interviewed, of which 254 (81.9%) were affiliated with the FHT. This number was the sample used to calculate the APHC level. The general score obtained was 6.8 -a number higher than 6.66 is considered a good APHC level. Despite this result, the domains of accessibility, integrality, and community orientation call for some adjustments so the team can offer a higher quality of PHC services.

Evaluability of the Program to Value Primary Healthcare Professionals (PROVAB): management challenges.

The objective of this article is to present the results of a study on the evaluability of the Program to Value Primary Healthcare Professionals (PROVAB in the Portuguese) that was created by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2011. The Program is part of the Manage Healthcare Work and Educationstrategy which seeks to invest in a number of measures aimed at improving and valuing the work carried out by primary healthcare teams. The research, which used qualitative methods, was carried out between February and November 2013 and involved five stages: (a) analysis of documents; (b) identification of potential users; (c) strategic analysis; (d) modelling of the intervention; (e) sharing of lessons learned. Data collection took place in three iterative phases: document analysis, key informant interviews and a workshop. The activities of the program were grouped into three areas: functional and working conditions, teaching/learning and management. The results showed that the program can be evaluated, since it was possible to specify its feasibility by means of a logical model. The potential and priority areas were mapped for future evaluations, whose central focus is to address the problem of unequal distribution of Brazilian health professionals.

Avaliabilidade do Programa de Valorização do Profissional da Atenção Básica (PROVAB): desafios para gestão do trabalho / Evaluability of the Program to Value Primary Healthcare Professionals (PROVAB): management challenges

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados do estudo de avaliabilidade do Programa de Valorização do Profissional da Atenção Básica criado pelo Ministério da Saúde, em 2011. Trata-se de uma estratégia no âmbito da Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde, que visa investir em um conjunto de medidas com a premissa de qualificar e valorizar o trabalho realizado pelas equipes de atenção básica. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2013 e baseou-se em cinco etapas: (a) análise documental; (b) identificação dos usuários potenciais; (c) análise estratégica; (d) modelização da intervenção (e) divulgação das lições aprendidas. A coleta das informações ocorreu por meio de três fases interativas: análise documental, entrevistas com informantes-chave e oficina de trabalho. As atividades do programa foram agrupadas em três dimensões: condições funcionais e de trabalho, ensino-aprendizagem e gestão. Os resultados apontaram que o programa é passível de avaliação, pois foi possível explicitar sua plausibilidade por meio do modelo lógico. Foram mapeadas as potencialidades e as áreas prioritárias para futuras avaliações, cujo foco central é enfrentar o problema da distribuição desigual de profissionais de saúde no país.

AbstractThe objective of this article is to present the results of a study on the evaluability of the Program to Value Primary Healthcare Professionals (PROVAB in the Portuguese) that was created by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2011. The Program is part of the Manage Healthcare Work and Educationstrategy which seeks to invest in a number of measures aimed at improving and valuing the work carried out by primary healthcare teams. The research, which used qualitative methods, was carried out between February and November 2013 and involved five stages: (a) analysis of documents; (b) identification of potential users; (c) strategic analysis; (d) modelling of the intervention; (e) sharing of lessons learned. Data collection took place in three iterative phases: document analysis, key informant interviews and a workshop. The activities of the program were grouped into three areas: functional and working conditions, teaching/learning and management. The results showed that the program can be evaluated, since it was possible to specify its feasibility by means of a logical model. The potential and priority areas were mapped for future evaluations, whose central focus is to address the problem of unequal distribution of Brazilian health professionals.

Estudo de avaliabilidade do Programa Academia Carioca da Saúde: desafios para a promoção da saúde / Evaluability study of the Carioca Health Academy Program: challenges for health promotion

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados do estudo de avaliabilidade do Programa Academia Carioca da Saúde visando ampliar a compreensão sobre a intervenção e maximizar a utilidade da avaliação. Foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: análise documental, entrevista com informantes-chave, modelização da intervenção e formulação das perguntas avaliativas. A construção do Modelo Lógico do Programa permitiu descrever as dimensões e os componentes do programa, as ações estratégicas e os efeitos esperados com ênfase no acesso regular às praticas corporais e de atividade física, nos grupos de promoção da saúde e no fortalecimento da participação comunitária.

This article aims to present the results of the evaluability study of the Carioca Health Academy Program in order to expand the comprehension about the intervention and to maximize the utility of the evaluation. The study was divided into the following steps: documental analyses, interviews with key informants, intervention modeling and elaboration of the evaluative questions. The construction of the Logic Model allowed to describe the dimensions and components of the program, the strategic actions and expected results with emphasis on the regular access to body practices and physical activities, on the health promotion groups and on the strengthening of community participation.

Sistema de Vigilância em Saúde no Brasil: avanços e desafios / Health Surveillance System in Brazil: advances and challenges

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o percurso político e organizacional do Sistema de Vigilância em Saúde no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, realizado por meio de uma revisão narrativa em bases de domínio público, no período compreendido entre 1998 e 2013. Os autores apresentam uma breve trajetória do campo das vigilâncias epidemiológica, ambiental e sanitária em direção a um sistema mais integrado e resolutivo. Por fim, faz-se um debate acerca dos avanços e dos desafios de articulação das propostas de mudança organizacional e da integração de práticas em busca de respostas mais efetivas no âmbito da Vigilância em Saúde.

This paper aims to discuss the political and organizational trajectory of the Health Surveillance System in Brazil. The paper is an exploratory and descriptive study, whose data were obtained through a literature review carried out in public domain databases from 1998 to 2013. The authors present a brief trajectory of the field of epidemiological, environmental and health surveillance toward a more integrated system, with case-resolution capacity. Finally, a debate was promoted on the advances and challenges of articulating proposals for organizational change and integrating practices in search of more effective responses within the scope of Health Surveillance.

[Implementing health surveillance at the primary care level]. / Vigilância da saúde no espaço de práticas da atenção básica.

This paper discusses the possibilities of re-orienting work processes at the primary care level in the light of the concepts and pre-suppositions of the health surveillance system. In addition, it presents some key concepts that could help putting into operation a health surveillance system at the local level. One of these concepts is the idea of the territory as a privileged space of primary care, helping to define and identify health needs. The study further emphasizes the heuristic value of integrating knowledge and practices in the various fields of health care so as to ensure a broader vision of problems and comprehensive health care. Finally, it analyzes the contributions from epidemiological, environmental, and health surveillance for consolidating health surveillance into a system not only limited to these three areas of action. Integrated actions of epidemiological, sanitary, and environmental surveillance can favor risk management and allow for innovative and more effective answers to the demands emerging from the health area. In addition, the local teams can acquire practical experience in internal and inter-sectorial actions which, though their importance is recognized in theory, were rarely put into practice.

Vigilância da saúde no espaço de práticas da atenção básica / Implementing health surveillance at the primary care level

This paper discusses the possibilities of re-orienting work processes at the primary care level in the light of the concepts and pre-suppositions of the health surveillance system. In addition, it presents some key concepts that could help putting into operation a health surveillance system at the local level. One of these concepts is the idea of the territory as a privileged space of primary care, helping to define and identify health needs. The study further emphasizes the heuristic value of integrating knowledge and practices in the various fields of health care so as to ensure a broader vision of problems and comprehensive health care. Finally, it analyzes the contributions from epidemiological, environmental, and health surveillance for consolidating health surveillance into a system not only imited to these three areas of action. Integrated actions of epidemiological, sanitary, and environmental surveillance can favor risk management and allow for innovative and more effective answers to the demands emerging from the health area. In addition, the local teams can acquire practical experience in internal and inter-sectorial actions which, though their importance is recognized in theory, were rarely put into practice.